Nurses Books

Impaired Physical Mobility and Activity Intolerance Definition of Impaired Physical Mobility A state of the limited ability of independent physical movement experienced by a person. Defining characteristics: Inability to move with purpose in the environment, including mobility on the bed, moving and ambulation. Reluctance to perform the movement. Limitation of range of motion. Decreased strength, control, or muscle mass. Experiencing restrictions on movement, including the protocols mechanical and medical. Impaired coordination. Related factors : Activity intolerance . Decreased strength and endurance. Pain and discomfort. Perceptual or cognitive disorders. Neuromuscular disorders. Depression. Severe anxiety . Definition of Activity Intolerance A state of energy insufficiency physiologically or psychologically a person to survive or complete daily activities necessary or desirable. Defining characteristics: Verbally reported fatigue or exhaustion. Heart rat...

Motor neuron disease also known as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Is a progressive degenerative disorder of the cortex, brainstem, and spinal motor neurons. (Lionel, 2007) Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a degenerative disease upper and lower motor neuron, which is growing rapidly which led to an almost total paralysis. The loss of motor neurons do not include cranial nerves III, IV, and VI. Thus, some facial movements, including blinks retained. The disease is usually fatal within 5 years to grow, although some people can live much longer. Motor neuron degeneration occurs without apparent inflammation. Although the myelin not the primary point of degeneration, loss of nerve axons, cause loss of myelin and scarring. The cause of ALS is not known although it is expected a viral infection, and metabolic disorders and trauma. In addition, there ALS is genetic that can affect the likelihood of suffering from ALS patients by 10%. Recent evidence suggests that the genetic relationsh...

Diabetes in pregnancy is often called Gestational Diabetes Mellitus . Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder that is chronic and occurs due to insulin deficiency or insulin resistance. The main symptom of this disorder is basically the same with the main symptoms of diabetes generally are frequent urination (polyuria), always feel thirsty (polydipsia), and often feel hungry (polyphagia). The difference is the patient is currently pregnant. As with diabetes in general, the blood sugar tests also found a high value on fasting blood sugar levels and 2 hours after a meal and when it's done checking sugar levels in the urine were also found positive reactions. This examination can be repeated during treatment with antidiabetic drugs to monitor blood sugar levels. Actions that can be performed on patients with gestational diabetes, among others, while maintaining the diabetes diet arrangement, when blood sugar levels are too high can be done hospitalization for regulation b...

Definition of Exophthalmos Exophthalmos is a condition in which one or both eyeballs bulge out, this can be caused by swelling of soft tissue in the eye bags. Exophthalmos can occur rapidly due to bleeding behind the eye, for example after a severe injury, or due to inflammation of the eye socket. Tumors, both benign and malignant, can occur in the cavity of the orbit behind the eyeball pushing the eyeball forward. Inflammation and fibrous tissue (pseudotumor) may also cause proptosis with pain and swelling. Cavernous sinus thrombosis cause swelling because the blood in the veins can not leave the eye. Disorders connection between arteries and veins (arteriovenous malformations) behind the eye can cause a pulsating proptosis, where eyes bulging and pulsing according to the heart rate. Causes of Exophthalmos Exophthalmos always associated with Grave's disease, which also lead to thyrotoxicosis (excessive activity of the thyroid gland). Another cause is the eye tumor, an ...

Chest pain and discomfort in the chest is a common symptom that can arise in the lung disease, pleural, musculoskeletal diseases, disorders of the esophagus or other gastrointestinal disorders, or anxiety as well as in cardiovascular disease. The failure to recognize a serious disorder, such as ischemic heart disease, can lead to delays in treatment that is needed. Causes of Chest Pain: 1. Heart-related Causes: Angina: Chest pain or discomfort caused by reduced blood flow to the heart muscle. Heart Attack (Myocardial Infarction): A sudden blockage in one or more coronary arteries, leading to heart muscle damage. Pericarditis: Inflammation of the lining surrounding the heart (pericardium), causing chest pain that worsens with deep breathing or lying down. 2. Gastrointestinal Causes: Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD): Acid reflux from the stomach into the esophagus can cause a burning sensation in the chest (heartburn). Esophageal Spasm: Sudden, intense chest pain caused by abnorm...