Nurses Books

Manifestations of Myocardial Ischemia, usually due to a narrowing or blockage of the coronary arteries are the most frequent angina pectoris, acute myocardial infarction and sudden death, but sometimes it can also arise as heart failure or arrhythmias. William Heberden in 1768 has reported the clinical syndrome of angina pectoris and discussed this with the perfect introduction and management. Angina pectoris is pain or discomfort in the area of ​​the heart or substernal (chest discomfort), primarily due to physical activity or stress, will subside when the rest or sublingual nitrate meal. It can also spread to the neck and arm till left. Clinical manifestations include: Substernal or retrosternal chest pain radiating to the neck, throat area inter scapula or left arm. Quality of pain like a heavy pressure, squeezing, hot, sometimes just a bad feeling in the chest (chest discomfort). Duration of pain lasts 1 to 5 minutes, no more daari 30 minutes. Pain is lost (reduced) when...

Colostomy Care is a nursing action in terms of cleaning the colostomy stoma, the skin around the stoma, and a colostomy bag periodically replace as needed. The purpose of this colostomy care are as follows : Maintain cleanliness of the patient 's own. Prevent infection. Prevent skin irritation around the stoma. Will maintain patient comfort and the environment. The patient can defecate regularly : Avoid eating foods laxative effect. Avoid eating foods that cause constipation (hard food). Collaboration with the nutritionist diet problem. Control of food brought from home. Provide sufficient drinking. A regular diet. Nursing Interventions for Colostomy The pain can be reduced : Record administration of medications at the time of intraoperative. Evaluation of pain and characteristics. Give an understanding of the client so that the pain is accepted as a reasonable within certain limits. Give analgesics as an act of collaboration. The patient may sleep / ...

Colostomy is an operation to form an artificial relationship between the colon with the surface of the skin in the abdominal wall. This relationship can be temporary or permanent forever. (Science of Surgery, Thiodorer Schrock, MD, 1983). Colostomy may be cecostomy, transverse colostomy, sigmoid colostomy, while ascending and descending colon very rarely used to create a colostomy. Colostomy in infants and children is almost always an emergency action, while in adults is a pathological condition. Colostomy in infants and children is usually temporary. Indications permanent colostomy In malignant bowel disease such as carcinoma of the intestine . Certain infectious conditions in the colon . Which need to be assessed in patients with colostomy : Stoma circumstances : Stoma color (normal reddish color). Signs of bleeding (bleeding wound surgery). Signs of inflammation (tumor, rubor, color, dolor, functio laesa). Stoma position. Is there changes in fecal elimination : ...

Rhinosinusitis is an inflammatory disease mucosal lining of the nose and paranasal sinuses. This inflammation often stems from a viral infection, which is due to certain circumstances evolve into a bacterial infection with bacterial pathogens that cause contained in the upper airway. Another cause is a fungal infection, dental infections, and can also occur as a result of fractures and tumors (Benninger and Gottschall, 2006; Soetjipto et al, 2006). Nursing Diagnosis for Rhinosinusitis : Ineffective Airway Clearance related to excessive mucus. NOC : Respiratory status : Ventilation Respiratory status : Airway patency Aspiration Control Expected outcomes : Demonstrate effective cough and breath sounds were clean, no cyanosis and dyspnea (able to produce a sputum sample, was able to breathe easily, no pursed lips). Indicates that a patent airway (the client does not feel suffocated, the rhythm of breathing, respiratory frequency in the normal range , no abnormal breath s...

Nursig Diagnosis for Diabetes Mellitus : Fluid Volume Deficits Fluid Volume Deficits Definition : Decreased intravascular fluid, interstitial or intracellular. Defining characteristics : Thirsty. Decreased skin turgor and tongue. Decreased venous filling. Skin and mucous membranes dry. Increased heart rate, decreased blood pressure, decreased volume and pulse pressure. Weight loss is sudden (except the 3rd room). Weakness. Related factors: Loss of fluid volume. Failure mechanisms of regulation (diabetes insipidus, hyperaldosteronisme). Goal : After nursing actions 2x24 hours, expected the patient does not experience pain with indicator : Maintain urine output in accordance with the age and weight, normal urine specific gravity. Blood pressure, pulse, body temperature within normal limits. No signs of dehydration, elasticity good skin turgor, mucous membranes moist, no excessive thirst. Orientation to time and place well. The number and the respiratory rhy...

Osteoporosis is a disease that attacks the bone . This disease has distinctive properties such as low bone mass , bone microarchitecture and accompanied by a decrease in the quality of bone tissue that can eventually lead to bone fragility . Types of Osteoporosis Osteoporosis is divided into several types: 1. Primary osteoporosis Osteoporosis is more common in this type of post -menopausal women and also in older men with unknown cause. This type among others ; postmenopausal osteoporosis and senile osteoporosis. 2. Secondary Osteoporosis While secondary osteoporosis caused by diseases associated with : Cushing 's disease Hyperthyroidism Hyperparathyroidism Hypogonadism Liver abnormalities Chronic renal failure Lack of movement Drinking alcohol Drug users / corticosteroid Excess caffeine Smoke 3. Osteoporosis children Osteoporosis affects children called juvenile idiopathic osteoporosis. Lifestyle Causes of Osteoporosis 1. Consumption of red mea...

Osteoporosis is better known as bone loss according to the WHO is a systemic skeletal disease with characteristics of low bone mass and changes in the microarchitecture of bone tissue with consequent increase in bone fragility and increased susceptibility to fractures . Osteoporosis is a disorder in which there is a decrease in total bone mass . 1. Reduce the intake of animal protein : animal protein increases calcium loss. Cross-cultural studies have found a strong relationship between animal protein intake and risk of hip fracture. The high intake of meat (five or more servings per week) significantly increased the risk of forearm fractures in women, compared to eating meat less than once per week. Older women who consume large amounts of meat to lose bone faster and greater risk of hip fracture. The risk of bone problems, seems to diminish when replacing animal protein with protein from vegetable sources, especially soybeans. In clinical studies in postmenopausal women, soy foo...

Hypospadias is a congenital condition where the opening of the urethra is located on the underside of the penis instead of at the tip. This condition occurs during fetal development when the urethral folds fail to close completely during the formation of the penis. Here's a breakdown of hypospadias:   Types: Distal Hypospadias: The urethral opening is located near the tip of the penis. Midshaft Hypospadias: The urethral opening is along the shaft of the penis. Proximal Hypospadias: The urethral opening is near the base of the penis or within the scrotum. Causes: The exact cause of hypospadias is not always clear, but it may involve a combination of genetic and environmental factors, including: Hormonal Factors: Changes in hormone levels during fetal development may contribute to abnormal formation of the urethra. Genetics: There may be a genetic component, as hypospadias can sometimes run in families. Environmental Factors: Exposure to certain chemicals or medications during pregna...

Nursing Diagnosis for Child with Hypospadias : Acute Pain Hypospadias is a congenital disorder that can be detected when or shortly after birth, the term hypospadias explained by abnormalities in male urethral opening. The disorder is more common in hypospadias the urethral opening, usually appears beside the ventral penile shaft. Often, though not always, these abnormalities associated as a chordee, which is the term for a penis that rotate downward. (Speer, 2007: 168) In most patients there is a curved penis downward which will appear more clearly on erection. This is caused by the presence of chordee, which is a fibrous tissue that spreads ranging from abnormally located meatus to the glans penis. This fibrous tissue is a rudimentary form of the urethra, corpus spongiosum and the tunica dartos. Although the presence of chordee is one of the hallmark for suspecting a hypospadias, keep in mind that not all of hypospadias have chordee. (Mansjoer, 2000: 374) Acute Pain Definit...

Nursing Care Plan for Abruptio Placentae Definition Abruptio Placentae is a partial or complete detachment of the placenta from normal implantation ( corpus uteri ) after 20 weeks and before the fetus is born . Etiology Primary cause is not known for sure , but there are several factors that predispose 1. Factor cardio - renal - vascular Chronic glomerulonephritis, essential hypertension, preeclampsia and eclampsia syndrome. In studies in Parkland, found that half of the cases there is hypertension in severe abruptio placentae, and half of the hypertensive women who have chronic hypertension, the rest hypertension caused by pregnancy. 2. Factors trauma Decompression of the uterus in hydramnion and gemeli. Pull the cord is short, due to the many fetal movement / free versions out or delivery assistance measures. Direct trauma, such as falls, contact with kick, and others. 3. Factors maternal parity More common in multiparous than primiparous. Some studies explain tha...

Nursing Care Plan for Abruptio Placentae Abruptio Placentae is a medical condition characterized by detachment of the placenta from the wall of the uterus (womb) inside before delivery, either in whole or in part. The placenta is the structure that forms during pregnancy to provide the necessary nutrients for the growth of the baby. When the placenta is torn, it can decrease the supply of oxygen and nutrients to the baby and cause severe bleeding in the mother. Symptoms include abdominal pain, back pain, frequent uterine contractions and vaginal bleeding. In most cases, the exact cause of abruptio placentae is unknown. However, factors, such as smoking, alcohol consumption, cocaine, trauma to the abdomen, hypertension and a history of childbirth that much can cause abruptio placentae. The treatment depends on how long the pregnancy has been running. If the baby is not yet near the time of delivery, the mother should be closely monitored in mild cases and in some cases, be given intra...

Ectopic Pregnancy is a potentially life-threatening condition in which a fertilized egg implants outside the uterus, most commonly in the fallopian tube. Here's a detailed overview:   Causes: Blocked Fallopian Tubes: Scarring or inflammation in the fallopian tubes can prevent the fertilized egg from moving into the uterus. Hormonal Factors: Hormonal imbalances or abnormalities can affect the movement of the fertilized egg through the fallopian tubes. Previous Surgeries: Surgical procedures on the reproductive organs, such as tubal ligation or surgery to treat pelvic inflammatory disease, can increase the risk of ectopic pregnancy. Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID): Infections of the reproductive organs, particularly sexually transmitted infections like chlamydia or gonorrhea, can lead to scarring and blockages in the fallopian tubes. Intrauterine Device (IUD): While rare, pregnancy can occur with an IUD in place, and if it does, it's more likely to be ectopic. Symptoms: Abdomi...

Nursing Care Plan for Ectopic Pregnancy Ectopic pregnancy or also known as pregnancy outside the womb is a condition of pregnancy in which the fertilized egg cell is not able to stick to the mother's womb, but attached to a different place or different that in the place known by the name of the fallopian tubes or oviducts, in the cervix , the abdominal cavity or in the ovaries. Or in other words, an ectopic pregnancy is a condition in which the fertilized egg cells undergo implantation in a place other than where it should be, namely the uterus. If the egg is fertilized egg attaches to the channel, this will cause swelling or rupture of the egg due to the growth of the embryo. Ectopic pregnancy affects about 1% of all pregnancies and this is an emergency condition where needed help immediately. Because if left unchecked this condition is very dangerous and capable of threatening the lives of mothers, this is caused by bleeding in the abdominal cavity, and not bleeding out. I...