Nurses Books

Nursing Care Plan for for Rhinitis Rhinitis is an inflammation of the mucous membranes of the nose. (Dorland, 2002) Rhinitis is the term for inflammation of the mucosa. By their nature can be divided into two: Acute rhinitis (coryza, commond cold) is an inflammation of the mucous membrane of the nose and sinuses accessories caused by a virus and bacteria. This disease may affect almost every person at a time and often occurs in the winter with the highest incidence in the early rainy season and spring. Chronic rhinitis is a chronic inflammation of the mucous membranes caused by recurrent infections, due to allergies, or as vasomotor rhinitis. 1. Ineffective Airway Clearance related to obstruction / presence of thickened secretions. Purpose: The airway effective after the secret was issued. Expected outcomes: Clients no longer breathe through the mouth. Airway back to normal, especially the nose. Intervention Assess the existing accumulation of secretions. Obser...

Osteoporosis is a disease characterized by decreased bone density, in which the bones become porous, so that people with osteoporosis are very fragile and susceptible to trauma, and also prone to fracture. The disease is common and usually affects the elderly, especially after menopause, and are dominated by women, or about 75%. Osteoporosis increases the risk of bone fractures, especially of the hip, wrist and spine. This happens due to the lack of new bone formation or resorption increase (re-absorption) long bones. Some of the causes of Osteoporosis: Hormone deficiency in the body (in women; estrogen deficiency, and in men; androgen deficiency). Calcium and vitamin D deficiency (lack of calcium and vitamin D in the body, can lead to osteoporosis and vitamin D can help the absorption of calcium in the bones). Some other causes such as bone cancer that can cause a reduction in bone density, lack of physical exercise or sports, heredity, duration of use of steroid drugs or be...

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disorder that primarily affects the joints, causing inflammation, pain, swelling, stiffness, and eventual joint damage. It can also affect other organs and systems in the body. Here's a comprehensive overview of rheumatoid arthritis:   Causes and Risk Factors: Autoimmune Disorder: RA occurs when the immune system mistakenly attacks healthy tissues, particularly the synovium (the lining of the joints), leading to inflammation and joint damage. Genetics: Family history of RA increases the risk of developing the condition. Environmental Factors: Certain environmental factors, such as smoking, infections, and hormonal changes, may contribute to the development of RA. Gender: Women are more likely to develop RA than men. Age: Although RA can develop at any age, it most commonly begins between the ages of 30 and 60. Symptoms: Joint Symptoms: Pain, swelling, stiffness, and warmth in the affected joints, typically affecting multiple joints...