Symptoms, Causes and Care Tips of Peptic Ulcer

A peptic ulcer, also known as peptic ulcer disease (PUD) is a defect in the lining of the stomach or the first part of the small intestine, an area called the duodenum.

The main cause of peptic ulcers is a bacterial infection Helicobacter pylori. Other causes include non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug that is consumed in the long term and smoking. Stress and excessive alcohol consumption is not the cause of peptic ulcers, but it can worsen the condition of existing ulcers.

Helicobacter pylori is a bacterium having properties resistant to gastric acid, live and multiply in drinking water and food hygiene are not handled or cooked properly. Most people infected with Helicobacter pylori peptic ulcers since childhood but new symptoms appear decades later.

 

Signs and Symptoms of Peptic Ulcer disease:

• Abdominal Pain: This is the hallmark symptom of peptic ulcer disease. The pain may be described as burning, gnawing, or dull and is typically located in the upper abdomen, often between the breastbone and the belly button. The pain may come and go and can be exacerbated by eating, especially if the ulcer is in the stomach.
• Heartburn: Many people with peptic ulcers experience a burning sensation in the chest, known as heartburn, which may worsen when lying down or bending over.
• Nausea and Vomiting: Some individuals with peptic ulcer disease may experience nausea and vomiting, particularly after meals or when the stomach is empty.
• Loss of Appetite: Due to abdominal discomfort and other symptoms, individuals with peptic ulcers may experience a decreased appetite and unintentional weight loss.
• Bloating and Belching: Excessive gas production in the stomach can lead to bloating and belching, especially after eating or drinking.
• Blood in Stool or Vomit: In severe cases, peptic ulcers can cause bleeding, which may result in the presence of blood in the stool (melena) or vomit (hematemesis). This may appear as black, tarry stools or vomit that resembles coffee grounds.
• Fatigue: Chronic blood loss from peptic ulcers can lead to iron deficiency anemia, resulting in fatigue, weakness, and pale skin.

 

Peptic Ulcer Care Tips:

Here are some care tips for individuals with peptic ulcer disease:

• Follow Medication Regimens: If your healthcare provider has prescribed medications to treat peptic ulcers, such as proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), H2-receptor antagonists, antibiotics (if H. pylori infection is present), or antacids, take them as directed. Adhering to your medication regimen can help reduce stomach acid production, promote ulcer healing, and prevent recurrence.
• Avoid Triggers: Identify and avoid factors that can exacerbate peptic ulcer symptoms, such as spicy foods, acidic foods and beverages (e.g., citrus fruits, tomatoes, coffee, and alcohol), fatty foods, and NSAIDs (e.g., aspirin, ibuprofen, naproxen). NSAIDs can irritate the stomach lining and increase the risk of ulcer formation and bleeding.
• Eat a Balanced Diet: Consume a well-balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins. Avoid large, heavy meals, and opt for smaller, more frequent meals throughout the day to prevent excessive stomach distension and acid production. Consider keeping a food diary to track your dietary triggers and symptoms.
• Quit Smoking: If you smoke, quitting smoking can help improve peptic ulcer symptoms and reduce the risk of complications. Smoking can increase stomach acid production, impair ulcer healing, and weaken the protective lining of the stomach and intestines.
• Manage Stress: Practice stress management techniques such as deep breathing exercises, meditation, yoga, tai chi, progressive muscle relaxation, or guided imagery to reduce stress levels and promote relaxation. Chronic stress can exacerbate peptic ulcer symptoms and delay healing.
• Stay Hydrated: Drink plenty of water throughout the day to stay hydrated and help maintain optimal digestive function. Limit your intake of caffeinated beverages and carbonated drinks, as they can irritate the stomach lining and worsen ulcer symptoms.
• Maintain a Healthy Weight: Aim to achieve and maintain a healthy weight through regular physical activity and a balanced diet. Excess body weight can increase intra-abdominal pressure, which may exacerbate peptic ulcer symptoms and contribute to gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD).
• Practice Good Hygiene: Wash your hands regularly with soap and water, especially before eating and after using the restroom, to reduce the risk of H. pylori infection, a common cause of peptic ulcers.
• Limit Alcohol Intake: If you choose to drink alcohol, do so in moderation. Excessive alcohol consumption can irritate the stomach lining, increase stomach acid production, and exacerbate peptic ulcer symptoms.
• Follow Up with Your Healthcare Provider: Attend regular follow-up appointments with your healthcare provider to monitor your progress, adjust treatment as needed, and address any concerns or questions you may have about managing peptic ulcers.