Impaired Physical Mobility - Multiple Sclerosis Care Plan

Multiple Sclerosis is a progressive and chronic disease that attacks the central nervous system. When a person is suffering from multiple sclerosis, there is degeneration of the nerves in the central nervous system, particularly the brain and the spinal cord. Disease onset is usually seen more in young adults, and it is more common in women. Almost 98% of the MS population is Caucasian. MS is generally more common in people living in temperate zones. The disorder most commonly begins between ages 20 and 40, but can strike at any age. People with a family history of MS and those who live in a geographical area with a higher incidence rate for MS have a higher risk of the disease.

Multiple Sclerosis causes gradual destruction of myelin (demyelination) and transection of neuron axons in patches throughout the brain and spinal cord. The name multiple sclerosis refers to the multiple scars (or scleroses) on the myelin sheaths.

Causes of Multiple Sclerosis

1. Genetic component.
2. Autoimmune disease.
3. Biochemical events in utero.
4. Damage to the Blood-Brain-Barrier.
5. Allergic reaction
6. Diet and vitamin deficiencies

Multiple sclerosis symptoms can be single or multiple, and these can be mild or severe with differences in the duration. There can also be partial or complete remissions of the symptoms.

Symptoms of Multiple Sclerosis

1. Double Vision
2. Muscle weakness.
3. Depression.
4. Difficulties with coordination and speech.
5. Overheating.
6. Pain.

Nursing Diagnosis Impaired Physical Mobility related to weakness, paresis, and spasticity

Goal :
Within 3 x 24 hour client is able to perform physical activities according to ability.

Outcomes:

1. Clients can participate in the training program.
2. Joint contractor does not happen.
3. Increased muscle strength.
4. Clients indicate actions to improve mobility.

Intervention and Rationale :

1. Assess existing mobility and observation of an increase in damage, regularly examine motor function.
Rational : knowing the level of the client's ability to perform activities.

2. Modification increased physical mobility.
Rationale: Relaxation and coordination exercises improve muscle efficiency in multiple sclerosis.

3. Encourage activity and rest techniques .
Rationale: The client is recommended to perform exhausting activity in a short time , because of the length of a grueling workout can cause limb paresis , numbness , or no coordination.

4. Teach the exercise techniques.
Rational : Exercise walking gait increases, because generally on the state of the legs and feet lose sensation positive.

5. Reposition the client every 2 hours.
Rationale: Reduce the risk of tissue ischemia due to poor blood circulation in the depressed area.

6. Teach the client to perform active motion exercises on the extremity that does not hurt
Rational : Active movement gives mass, tone and muscle strength and improve heart function and breathing.

7. Perform passive motion on the affected extremity.
Rational : volunteer will lose muscle tone and strength when not trained to be moved.

8. Help clients perform ROM exercises, self-care as tolerated
Rationale: To maintain joint flexibility within its capabilities.

9. Collaboration with physiotherapists to exercise.
Rational : increase capacity in extremity mobilization can be improved by physical training of the team physiotherapist.