Concept / Model Theory of Nursing Home Care
1. Environmental Theory (Florence Nightingale)
Environment according to Nightingale refers to the external physical environment that influence the process of healing and health, which includes the five most important environmental component in maintaining the health of individuals that include:
- clean air,
- clean water,
- efficient maintenance
- hygiene, as well as
- lighting / lighting
Nightingale more emphasis on the physical environment rather than the social and psychological environment that is explored in more detail in writing. The emphasis on the environment is very clear in a statement that if you want to predict health problems, then that should be done is to assess the state of the house, conditions and way of life of a person rather than a physical examine his / her body.
2. Theory of Unitary Human Beings (Martha Rogers)
In understanding the concept of the model and the theory, Rogers assumes that the human is a unified whole, which has properties and different character. In the dynamic process of human life, human beings in the process of human life, each individual will be different from one another and the human was created with the characteristics and uniqueness. That assumption is based on a growing force in the unity of human nature and the environment, then the system availability as a unified whole and the process of human life based on the concept homeodynamic consisting of integrity, resonance and helicy. Integrity means the individual as an integral part of the environment that can not be separated, and mutually influence one another. Resonance implies that the life of the individual to the environment takes place rhythmically with variable frequency and helicy a process of interaction between humans and the environment will be changes either slowly or rapidly dividing. According to Rogers (1970), the goal of nursing is to maintain and promote health, prevent illness, and the care and rehabilitation of sick clients, and are not able to approach the humanistic nursing. According to Rogers, 1979 Practice Framework: "Man intact" includes lifelong process. Clients are constantly changing and harmonize with its surroundings.
3. Leininger's Transcultural Theory
Leininger believe that the goal of this theory is to provide services based on culture. Leininger believe that nurses should work with the principle of "care" and a deep understanding of the "care" so that the culture's care, values, beliefs, and lifestyles provide a foundation realiabel and accurate for planning and effective implementation of the service in specific culture. Leininger believes that a nurse can not separate the way the world views, social structures and cultural beliefs (ordinary people and professionals) to the health, well-being, pain, or services while working within a particular group of people, because these factors relate to each other . Social structures such as trust, political, economic and kekeluargaaan are significant forces that impact on the "care" and affect the well-being and illness.
4. Theory of Human Caring (Watson, 1979)
This theory confirms that caring as the type of relationship and transactions required between the giver and receiver of care to improve and protect the patient as a human being, thus affecting the ability of the patient to recover. View of Jean Watson's theory to understand that humans have four branches interrelated human needs including biofisikial basic needs (the need for life) which includes food and fluid needs, the needs of elimination and ventilation requirements, psikofisikal requirements (functional requirements) that covers the needs of activity and rest , sexual needs, psychosocial needs (the need for integration) which includes the need for achievement, need for organization, and intra and interpersonal needs (the need for development) that is self-actualization needs.
5. Theory of Self Care (Dorothea Orem)
View of Orem's theory in nursing service order addressed to the needs of individuals in nursing action independently and set in its needs. In practice the concept keperwatan Orem developed three forms of the theory of Self Care.
