Hypospadias is a congenital condition where the opening of the urethra is located on the underside of the penis instead of at the tip. This condition occurs during fetal development when the urethral folds fail to close completely during the formation of the penis. Here's a breakdown of hypospadias:
Types:
- Distal Hypospadias: The urethral opening is located near the tip of the penis.
- Midshaft Hypospadias: The urethral opening is along the shaft of the penis.
- Proximal Hypospadias: The urethral opening is near the base of the penis or within the scrotum.
Causes:
The exact cause of hypospadias is not always clear, but it may involve a combination of genetic and environmental factors, including:
- Hormonal Factors: Changes in hormone levels during fetal development may contribute to abnormal formation of the urethra.
- Genetics: There may be a genetic component, as hypospadias can sometimes run in families.
- Environmental Factors: Exposure to certain chemicals or medications during pregnancy may increase the risk of hypospadias.
Symptoms:
- Abnormal Urinary Stream: The direction of the urinary stream may be abnormal due to the location of the urethral opening.
- Penile Curvature: In some cases, the penis may have a downward curve, known as chordee.
- Undescended Testicle: Some babies with hypospadias may also have undescended testicles.
Risk for Infection
Definition:
The increase in the risk of being attacked by disease organisms.
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- Chronic disease.
- Inadequate immunity.
- The main defense inadequate (eg, skin damage, tissue injury, a reduction in the action, a change in the secretion of PH, change the peristaltic motion).
- The second defense inadequate (reduced hemoglobin, leukopenia, response to press something that causes inflammation).
- Added the opening of the environment on the pathogen.
- Pharmaceutical agents (ex: substances that inhibit the immune response).
- Amniotic membrane rupture prematurely.
- Extend split on amniotic membrane.
- Trauma / seriously injured.
- Tissue destruction.
NOC
- Immune status.
- Infection control.
Goal:
After nursing action for 2x24 hours the client is able to:
1. Shows the immune status, with indicators:
- The absence of recurrent infections,
- The absence of a tumor,
- Skin test reaction to the opening match,
- Solute in antibody levels in the normal range.
- Describe the transmission mode,
- Describe factors that accompany the transmission,
- Describe the signs and symptoms,
- Describe the activities increase resistance to infection.
NIC
Infection Control
- Limit the number of visitors.
- Use anti-microbial soap to wash hands properly.
- Wash hands before and after patient care.
- Use the general rule.
- Use clean gloves.
- Keep the environment in order to remain sterile for insertion in bed.
- Keep sterile environment to stay when changing channels.
- Close / maintain the confidentiality of the system when performing invasive hemodynamic examination.
- Change peripheral IV and cuddled by the CDC guidance.
- Make sure the sterile state, while doing IV.
- Proper nutrition intake.
- Increase fluid intake right.
- Perform appropriate antibiotic therapy.
Health Education
- Teach wash hands to improve personal health.
- Teach proper handwashing techniques.
- Teach patients and families about the signs and symptoms of infection and when to report on the health care team.
- Teach patients to take antibiotics as prescribed.