Nursing Care Plan for Anal Atresia

Definition of Anal Atresia

Anal atresia is a condition that a baby is born with. It is a problem with the development of the anus and the part of the intestine leading to the anus. Anal atresia can make it difficult or impossible for the child to pass stool.


Causes

Anal atresia or imperforate anus can be caused by:

• The breakdown of the upper gastrointestinal tract by rectal area, so the baby is born without anus.
• Disruption of organogenesis in the womb.
• Associated with down syndrome.
• The failure of growth in the womb when the baby was 12 weeks / 3 months.
• The disruption or cessation of embryological development in the intestine, rectum and distal parts of the urogenital tract, which occurs between the fourth to sixth week of gestation.

Congenital abnormalities of the anus caused by impaired embryonic and fetal growth are influenced by many factors such as genetic factors, chromosomal factors, mechanical factors, hormonal factors, drug factors, radiation factors, nutritional factors and impaired formation of the anus, from embryogenic bulge. In congenital abnormality of the anus is generally no abnormalities of the rectum, sphincter and pelvic floor muscles. However, in agenesis anus, internal sphincter may be inadequate. Congenital abnormalities of the rectum and is usually accompanied by sinus urorektal ysehingga developmental disorders urorektal septum separating.

The cause of anal atresia is a developmental disorder anorectal structure at the time of organ formation during pregnancy, impaired fusion and formation of the anus from embryonic bulge. (Mansjoer; 2000)


Clinical Manifestations

According Ngastiyah (2005) who showed the symptoms of anal atresia or imperforate anus occurs within 24-48 hours. The symptoms may include:

1. Flatulence
2. Vomiting
3. Can not defecate
4. In the radiological examination with upright and inverted positions can be seen up to where there is a blockage.
5. Can not or have difficulty removing meconium.
6. Stomach bulge.

According Suriadi (2001) symptoms of anal atresia:

1. Failure of passage of meconium during or after birth.
2. None or rectal canal stenosis.
3. The presence of anal membranes.

Preventive management, among others:

1. To the pregnant women, to the womb at the age of three months, to be wary of drugs, food preservation and alcohol which can cause anal atresia.
2. Checking the baby's anus at birth because his life is threatened if up to three days is not known to have anal atresia, as this can affect the feces or stool will be buried up to urge his lungs.
3. Setting a good diet and administration of lactulose to avoid constipation.