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Pain Management and Analgesic Administration - Hypertension Nursing Care Plan

Nursing Care Plan for Hypertension

Hypertension, commonly known as high blood pressure, is a chronic medical condition characterized by elevated blood pressure levels in the arteries. It's often referred to as the "silent killer" because it typically doesn't cause noticeable symptoms until it reaches severe or life-threatening levels. Hypertension is a significant risk factor for cardiovascular diseases such as heart attack, stroke, heart failure, and kidney disease.
 

Causes:

  • Primary Hypertension: Also known as essential hypertension, the exact cause is often unknown. It tends to develop gradually over time and is influenced by genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors.
  • Secondary Hypertension: This type of hypertension is caused by an underlying medical condition or medication. Possible causes include kidney disease, adrenal gland disorders, thyroid disorders, obstructive sleep apnea, certain medications, and illegal drugs.


Symptoms:

  • Hypertension is often asymptomatic, especially in the early stages.
  • Some individuals may experience symptoms such as headaches, dizziness, blurred vision, chest pain, shortness of breath, or nosebleeds when blood pressure levels are extremely high or during hypertensive crises.


Nursing Diagnosis for Hypertension : Acute Pain related to increased cerebral vascular pressure

NOC :

  • Pain Level,
  • Pain control,
  • Comfort level.
Outcomes :
  • Being able to control the pain (know the cause of pain , was able to use nonpharmacological techniques to reduce pain, seek help).
  • Reported that pain was reduced by the use of pain management.
  • Being able to recognize pain (scale, intensity, frequency, and signs of pain).
  • Expressed a sense of comfort after the pain is reduced.
  • Vital signs within normal range.

NIC :

Pain Management
  • Perform a comprehensive pain assessment includes the location, characteristics, duration, frequency, and quality factor of precipitation.
  • Observation of nonverbal reactions of discomfort.
  • Use therapeutic communication techniques to determine the patient's pain experience.
  • Assess the culture that affects pain response.
  • Evaluation of past painful experiences.
  • Evaluation with patients and other health care team about the ineffectiveness of past pain control.
  • Help the patient and family to seek and find support.
  • Control environment that may affect pain such as room temperature, lighting and noise.
  • Reduce pain precipitation factor.
  • Choose and pain management (pharmacological, non-pharmacological and inter-personal).
  • Assess the type and source of pain to determine the intervention.
  • Teach about non-pharmacological techniques.
  • Give analgesics to reduce pain.
  • Evaluation of the effectiveness of pain control.
  • Increase the break.
  • Collaborate with your doctor if any pain complaints and action is not successful.
  • Monitor patient acceptance of pain management.

Analgesic Administration
  • Determine the location , characteristics , quality , and degree of pain before treatment .
  • Check the doctor's instructions about the type of drug , dosage , and frequency .
  • Check history of allergy .
  • Select the required analgesics or combination of analgesics when giving more than one .
  • Make a selection depending on the type and severity of analgesic pain .
  • Determine analgesic choice , route of administration , and the optimal dose .
  • Select the IV route of administration , IM for pain medication on a regular basis .
  • Monitor vital signs before and after the administration of first analgesic .
  • Give analgesic especially timely when severe pain .
  • Evaluation of the effectiveness of analgesics , signs and symptoms ( side effects ) .
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