Nurses Books

In the past I often had sleeping trouble, especially at night that is called as Insomnia. It usually happens when I felt scared because I had to sleep somewhere in a  new place without friends and that both insomnia came when I was having a lot of problems to be solved but I can not immediately resolve the problem that it  may be called stress. It was excruciating us when we had trouble to close our eyes and fall asleep. While tomorrow many activities that wait us and we should welcome with our body and soul fresh. But when we found it difficult to sleep and we only slept one or two hours a night. Can we get a fresh body for activity? Insomnia or commonly referred to insomnia sleep disorder is indeed not random. Some say insomnia is not a disease, but a symptom sleep disorders in the form of recurring difficulty to sleep or maintaining sleep (easy or frequent waking), although there is a chance for it. The symptoms are typically followed by functional impairment whi...

Activity intolerance related to bed rest, immobility, sedentary lifestyle (strenuous activity rarely), general body weakness, imbalance between the supply of oxygen to the use, characterized by the expression of fatigue and weakness, abnormal response to activities such as discomfort and dyspnea. Goals: Clients can maintain the normal function of the musculoskeletal, shown by the distance of motion in all joints of the body within the limits of normal, muscle mass and strength can be maintained. Minimize cardiovascular events shown by vital signs are still within normal limits and signs of venous blood flow adequate (absence of edema, inflammation, venous distention, skin changes). Respiratory function in normal circumstances characterized by normal breath sounds on auscultation, normal chest expansion and the absence of chest pain, fever, or other respiratory signs, indicator of the lung damage, embolism or atelectasis. Maintaining the granting of proper nutrition and fluids,...

Currently, many people who do not care about their own health. Thus, raises health problems, especially disorders of the sense of sight, one of which is part of the eyelid. Usually people underestimate this disease, because they assume that the disease will soon disappear. In fact, if not taken seriously, there will be a variety of complications of the disease such as blepharitis, one of them. In addition, the disease can also interfere with the imaging itself. Here, the role of medical personnel is necessary for the community as to improve the level of public health. Blepharitis is an inflammation of the eyelids, often on the part of the eyelid and the edge of the eyelid. In some cases accompanied by ulcers or not on the edge of the eyelid, usually involving hair follicles and glands. Blepharitis is an inflammation of the bilateral sub-acute / chronic at the edge of the eyelid (border of the eyelid). Blepharitis is on the edge of the eyelid inflammation is usually caused by s...

Myalgia (Muscle Pain) Definition of Myalgia Myalgia also called Muscle pain is a symptom of many diseases and disorders of the body. Common causes of myalgia are using the wrong muscle or muscles too tense. Myalgia that occur without a history of trauma may be caused by a viral infection. Myalgia that lasts for a long time showed metabolic myopathies, nutritional deficiencies or chronic fatigue syndrome. Types of Myalgia There are several types of muscle pain that often occur, namely: Fibromyalgia, Myofascial pain, post-exercise muscle soreness and muscle pain due to excessive use (overuse injury). Fibromyalgia Other terms that muscular rheumatism, is a disease characterized by symptoms such as muscle pain broad, that is most often on the neck, back or waist. There are several points of pain in that area, usually 11-18 points are referred to as tender points, at which point it is very painful when pressed but the pain inflicted not spread. The complaint is felt more tha...

Measles is caused by a virus that is easily transmitted. However, measles is not a serious and dangerous disease. We can take care of its own children with measles at home. The important thing, always vigilant and take precautions against the danger of complications, due to a decrease in endurance from the disease. Recognizing Symptoms Symptoms in the first level are similar to the symptoms of flu or other diseases caused by viruses. At first it appears the typical signs, namely the emergence of grayish-white spots as a needle circled reddish color that appears on the mucous membranes of the cheeks, near the molars. After 4-5 days, raised patches of red in some parts of the body, such as face, neck, upper arms and legs. Symptoms are similar to flu, cold cough is getting worse. In addition the mucous membranes in the mouth is red, so that the mouth and lips appear red. Patients also felt itchy all over her body. Once that period is complete, the original body temperature up a...

Fever is not a disease, but symptoms of a disease. For example, because of cough, runny nose, sore throat, diarrhea, other infections of the gastrointestinal tract, and respiratory infections. Most parents quickly panic if their children (especially infants) had a fever. You must remember that fever is the body's mechanism against a disease or infection is usually caused by viruses, bacteria, and so forth. Fever when the body temperature above normal threshold (greater than 37.2 degrees Celsius). This fever appears that the body temperature slightly hotter than usual and sometimes with chills. Infection in children is usually caused by viruses or bacteria. Examples of fever when the child is suffering from the flu or a cold. The existence of this virus, the child's body is naturally resistance. Antibiotics do not kill viruses, so antibiotics are not the flu drug. You do not need to give antibiotics in children with fever caused by a virus or due to the flu. In general ca...

Hoarseness is generally due to inflammation that occurs in the voice box (laryngitis) due to infection, such as flu. Your throat may feel injured or there are lumps in it. You suddenly lost your voice due to excessive use, for example after shouting as a football game. Usually hoarse increase due to continuous use of excessive noise, smoke, or reflux (rising) of stomach acid irritating the voice box. In rare cases, hoarseness is a symptom of cancer of the larynx (upper part of the throat where there are the vocal cords). The loss of voice is usually temporary (transient), no more than a week. The following steps will help restore your voice is hoarse and lost. Do not use the sound as much as possible. Do not talk or whisper. If you whisper can tense your vocal cords more than normal speech. Drink plenty of warm fluids to soothe the throat and 6-8 glasses per day to keep it moist. Do not drink caffeinated or alcoholic beverages. Eat soft and easy to swallow. Avoid dry and sm...

Swallowing is a complex physiological actions in which food or liquid goes to the stomach. Swallowing also a series of highly coordinated muscle movements, starting from volunteer movements of the tongue, and completed reflexes in the pharynx and esophagus. During swallowing, upper esophageal sphincter opens momentarily to give way to the swallowed food bolus. Swallowing unleashed a wave of contractions that move down to the stomach. This is made possible by the cooperation between the two layers of the esophageal muscle that runs circular and longitudinal and the attraction of gravity. However, there is some evidence that a series of complex movements that cause ingestion may be disrupted if there were a number of pathological processes. This process can interfere with the transport of food and prevent gastric reflux. One of the disorders of the esophagus is oesophageal spasm is a condition that is characterized by esophageal contractions uncoordinated, non-propulsive (peristaltic...

When you have a problem with the heartbeat rate or rhythm it is better for you check to a doctor. It means that you are not in normal condition, may be you get an arrhythmia. The Definition of Arrhytmia An arrhythmia is a problem with the rate or rhythm of the heartbeat. During an arrhythmia, the heart can beat too fast, too slow, or with an irregular rhythm. A heartbeat that is too fast is called tachycardia (TAK-ih-KAR-de-ah). A heartbeat that is too slow is called bradycardia (bray-de-KAR-de-ah). Although most arrhythmias are harmless but we should be careful with it because some can be serious or even life threatening. When some one got an arrhythmia, the heart may not be able to pump enough blood to the body. Lack of blood flow can damage the brain, heart, and other organs. How to know the Heart's Electrical System To understand arrhythmias, it helps to understand the heart's internal electrical system. The heart's electrical system controls t...

There are Lots of Babies born that have weight much heavier than the average, the liability is because of the mother's diatery habit. It will complicate it's mother when she gives birth- a big baby is very difficult to be born normally. They were mostly born by cesarean surgery. Definition Fetal macrosomia is a term used to describe the health of newborns were significantly larger than average. In general, a baby who was diagnosed with fetal macrosomia had a birth weight of more than 8 pounds, 13 ounces (4000 grams), regardless of the age of the pregnancy. About 9 percent of babies born in the world weigh more than 8 pounds, 13 ounces. However, a risk that must be faced associated with fetal macrosomia be greatly increased when birth weight over 9 pounds 15 ounces (4500 grams). Fetal macrosomia makes the mother difficult to delivery normally and it could place the babies at risk of injury during birth. Fetal macrosomia also place them at increased risk of he...

Nutrition is very important for humans because nutrition is a vital necessity for all living beings, consume nutrients that are bad for the body three times a day for decades will be the toxins that cause disease in the future. In fulfillment of nutritional needs, there are systems that play a role in it, namely the digestive system consisting of the gastrointestinal tract and accessory organs, digestive tract starts from the mouth to the distal part of the small intestine. While the accessory organs consisting of liver, gallbladder and pancreas. Nutrition is very beneficial for our body because if there are no nutrients / nutrient in our body, it can cause disease / affected by malnutrition, therefore we have to multiply nutrients. Gastrointestinal is an abnormality or disease to the food / digestion. Gastrointestinal diseases, among others; diseases of the esophagus, stomach (gastric), small bowel (intestine), the large intestine (colon), liver, bile ducts (biliary tract), and...

Macrosomia is a term used to describe a newborn with excessive weight. Definition is 4000-4500 grams birth weight or greater than 90% according to gestational age after correcting gender and ethnicity. Big babies (Macrosomia) are often born from multiparous mothers and mothers with diabetes mellitus (Cunnighan, 1995: 422). All neonates weighing 4000 gram / more typically thought of as a baby "Macrosomia". According to Cunningham (1995: 421) all neonates weighing 4000 grams or more regardless of the gestational age is considered as macrosomia. Conditions birthweight above average (Macrosomia) require more care / intensive and must be monitored to avoid the risk in the future. There are two groups of so-called excessive birth weight babies. Babies born weighing more than 3900 grams. This condition is known as the "Giant Baby" and can be picked up to grow up. Babies born with normal weight of about 2500-3800 grams, but the growth period, up quite a lot. As ...

Chronic pharyngitis disease is rarely found. This happens due to chronic infection that occurs in the sinuses, adenoid or tonsil. Indeed, sometimes there is no evidence that shows infection apart from lymphoid tissue hypertrophy that occurs in the posterior pharyngeal wall and the base of the tongue. The second type is common in children is the tonsils to be removed, and some children also suffered an infection of the tonsils problem. Causes of Chronic Pharyngitis include: Rhinitis or sinusitis problems. Abnormalities that occur in the nasopharynx or nasal abnormalities. Dental disorders such as caries and chronic tonsillitis. Lung disorders such as chronic bronchitis and bronchiectasis. Spicy foods, alcohol or choking on food. Nephritis, uremia and immune deficiencies. The air is dusty and stimulate these issues like cigarette smoke industrial area. In adults, chronic pharyngitis happens usually because they live in the environment that is a lot of dust, use excessive ...

When parents bring their children to health facilities, cough and cold are frequent complaint expressed by parents who bring their children for treatment. There are times when cough and cold easily treated even ordinary resolves itself without treatment, but there are also coughs and colds that do not heal even after taking various medications. Coughing and sneezing is the body's natural defense effort, which is a primitive reflex protection to discard excessive mucus or foreign bodies in the airways. This reflex caused by stimulation of cough receptors located inside or outside the respiratory tract, the stimulus is chemical or mechanical. Stimuli that can trigger coughing: cold air, foreign bodies, inflammation / swelling of the mucous membranes of the respiratory tract, suppression of the respiratory tract, for example; by tumor, presence of mucus or airway contraction. Coughing becomes abnormal if continued long and has been perceived as a nuisance. Prolonged cough in ch...

Impaired Physical Mobility and Activity Intolerance Definition of Impaired Physical Mobility A state of the limited ability of independent physical movement experienced by a person. Defining characteristics: Inability to move with purpose in the environment, including mobility on the bed, moving and ambulation. Reluctance to perform the movement. Limitation of range of motion. Decreased strength, control, or muscle mass. Experiencing restrictions on movement, including the protocols mechanical and medical. Impaired coordination. Related factors : Activity intolerance . Decreased strength and endurance. Pain and discomfort. Perceptual or cognitive disorders. Neuromuscular disorders. Depression. Severe anxiety . Definition of Activity Intolerance A state of energy insufficiency physiologically or psychologically a person to survive or complete daily activities necessary or desirable. Defining characteristics: Verbally reported fatigue or exhaustion. Heart rat...

Motor neuron disease also known as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Is a progressive degenerative disorder of the cortex, brainstem, and spinal motor neurons. (Lionel, 2007) Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a degenerative disease upper and lower motor neuron, which is growing rapidly which led to an almost total paralysis. The loss of motor neurons do not include cranial nerves III, IV, and VI. Thus, some facial movements, including blinks retained. The disease is usually fatal within 5 years to grow, although some people can live much longer. Motor neuron degeneration occurs without apparent inflammation. Although the myelin not the primary point of degeneration, loss of nerve axons, cause loss of myelin and scarring. The cause of ALS is not known although it is expected a viral infection, and metabolic disorders and trauma. In addition, there ALS is genetic that can affect the likelihood of suffering from ALS patients by 10%. Recent evidence suggests that the genetic relationsh...

Diabetes in pregnancy is often called Gestational Diabetes Mellitus . Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder that is chronic and occurs due to insulin deficiency or insulin resistance. The main symptom of this disorder is basically the same with the main symptoms of diabetes generally are frequent urination (polyuria), always feel thirsty (polydipsia), and often feel hungry (polyphagia). The difference is the patient is currently pregnant. As with diabetes in general, the blood sugar tests also found a high value on fasting blood sugar levels and 2 hours after a meal and when it's done checking sugar levels in the urine were also found positive reactions. This examination can be repeated during treatment with antidiabetic drugs to monitor blood sugar levels. Actions that can be performed on patients with gestational diabetes, among others, while maintaining the diabetes diet arrangement, when blood sugar levels are too high can be done hospitalization for regulation b...

Definition of Exophthalmos Exophthalmos is a condition in which one or both eyeballs bulge out, this can be caused by swelling of soft tissue in the eye bags. Exophthalmos can occur rapidly due to bleeding behind the eye, for example after a severe injury, or due to inflammation of the eye socket. Tumors, both benign and malignant, can occur in the cavity of the orbit behind the eyeball pushing the eyeball forward. Inflammation and fibrous tissue (pseudotumor) may also cause proptosis with pain and swelling. Cavernous sinus thrombosis cause swelling because the blood in the veins can not leave the eye. Disorders connection between arteries and veins (arteriovenous malformations) behind the eye can cause a pulsating proptosis, where eyes bulging and pulsing according to the heart rate. Causes of Exophthalmos Exophthalmos always associated with Grave's disease, which also lead to thyrotoxicosis (excessive activity of the thyroid gland). Another cause is the eye tumor, an ...

Chest pain and discomfort in the chest is a common symptom that can arise in the lung disease, pleural, musculoskeletal diseases, disorders of the esophagus or other gastrointestinal disorders, or anxiety as well as in cardiovascular disease. The failure to recognize a serious disorder, such as ischemic heart disease, can lead to delays in treatment that is needed. Causes of Chest Pain: 1. Heart-related Causes: Angina: Chest pain or discomfort caused by reduced blood flow to the heart muscle. Heart Attack (Myocardial Infarction): A sudden blockage in one or more coronary arteries, leading to heart muscle damage. Pericarditis: Inflammation of the lining surrounding the heart (pericardium), causing chest pain that worsens with deep breathing or lying down. 2. Gastrointestinal Causes: Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD): Acid reflux from the stomach into the esophagus can cause a burning sensation in the chest (heartburn). Esophageal Spasm: Sudden, intense chest pain caused by abnorm...