Nursing Care Plan for Anxiety
Assessment
Predisposing Factors
Various theories have been developed to explain anxiety:
- Psychoanalytic Theory.
Anxiety is an emotional conflict that occurs between two elements of the personality, the id and the superego. Id represents instinctive impulse, and someone primitive impulses, whereas the superego reflects a person's conscience and controlled by one's cultural norms. Ego or I, serves to mediate resistance of two conflicting elements and functions of the ego anxiety is reminded that there is a danger. - Interpersonal Theory.
Anxiety arises from the fear of the lack of acceptance of interpersonal relationships. Anxiety is also associated with the development, such as the trauma of separation and loss, giving rise to specific weaknesses. People with low self esteem susceptible to the development of severe anxiety. - Behavior Theory.
Anxiety is a product of frustration that everything that disrupt a person's ability to achieve the desired goal. List of learning to believe that individuals who are accustomed to in its early life are faced with excessive fear more often showed anxiety in later life. - Family Study.
Indicate that anxiety disorders are commonly found in a family. There is overlap in anxiety disorders and between anxiety disorders with depression. - Biological studies.
Shows that the brain contains a special benzodiazepine receptors. This receptor, may help regulate anxiety in aminobutyric inhibitor. Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) may also play a major role in the biological mechanisms associated with anxiety as well as endorphins. In addition, a person's general health has been demonstrated to have real effect as a predisposition to anxiety. Anxiety may be accompanied by physical disruption and further lowers a person's capacity to cope with stressors.
Precipitating stressor may come from internal or external sources. Precipitating stressor can be grouped into two categories:
- The threat to the integrity of the person includes physiological inability to come or decreasing the capacity to perform activities of daily living.
- Threats to the system can harm a person's identity, self-esteem and social functions are integrated person.
Behavior
Anxiety can be expressed directly through changes in physiology and behavior and indirectly through the onset of symptoms or a coping mechanism in the fight against anxiety. The intensity of behavior will increase in line with increased levels of anxiety.
Cardiovascular
- Palpitations.
- Palpitations.
- Increased blood pressure and pulse rate decreases.
- Taste like fainting and eventually fainted.
- Rapid breathing.
- Shallow breathing.
- Distress in the chest.
- Swelling of the throat.
- Choking feeling.
- Panting.
- Increased reflexes.
- Reaction surprise.
- Insomnia.
- Fear.
- Restless.
- Face tense.
- General weakness.
- Slow motion.
- Clumsy movement.
- Loss of appetite.
- Refusing to eat.
- Shallow feelings.
- Abdominal discomfort.
- Burning sensation of the heart.
- Nausea.
- Diarrhea.
- Can not hold urine.
- Frequent urination.
- Burning sensation of the mucosa.
- Profuse sweating on the palms.
- Itching.
- Hot or cold feeling on the skin.
- Pallor and sweat throughout the body.
Physiological response to anxiety.
Behavior
- Restless.
- Physical tension.
- Tremor.
- Nervous.
- Talk fast.
- There is no coordination.
- Tendency to get hurt.
- Withdraw.
- Evade.
- Inhibited activity.
- Attention disorders.
- Concentration is lost.
- Forgetful.
- Misinterpretation.
- The presence of blocking in mind.
- Decreased perception land.
- Creative and productive decline.
- Confused.
- Excessive worry.
- Missing assess objectivity.
- Fear of losing control.
- Excessive fear.
- Easily distracted.
- Can not wait.
- Restless.
- Tense.
- Nerveus.
- Fear.
- Alarm.
- Tremor.
- Nervous.
- Restless.
Coping Resources.
Individuals may experience stress and anxiety by moving the coping resources in the environment. Sources such as capital economic coping, problem solving ability, social support and cultural beliefs can help a person integrate stressful experience and adopt coping strategies that work.
Coping Mechanisms.
When experiencing anxiety individuals using a variety of coping mechanisms to try to overcome anxiety and inability to cope constructively is a major cause of pathological behavior. Anxiety light levels often addressed without serious.
Moderate and severe anxiety level raises two types of coping mechanisms:
- Task-oriented reactions, namely; conscious effort and action-oriented to meet the demands of a stressful situation realistically.
- Ego defense mechanism, helping to overcome anxiety mild and moderate, but if it takes place on a conscious level and involve self-deception and distortion of reality, then this mechanism can be a maladaptive response to stress.
A source explained that There are two coping mechanisms for overcoming anxiety categorized:
- Task-Oriented Reactions Is a problem solving consciously used to combat the threat realistically stressor, namely:
- The behavior of attack (aggressive).
Typically used individuals to overcome obstacles in order to meet the needs. - Conduct withdrew.
Used to eliminate the source of the threat, both physically and psychologically. - Conduct a compromise.
Used to change the goals that will do or sacrifice personal needs to achieve the goal.
- The behavior of attack (aggressive).
- Ego defense mechanisms (Ego Oriented Reaction).
Ego defense mechanisms to help cope with mild to moderate anxiety that is used to protect themselves and do unconsciously to maintain the imbalance.
The Ego defense mechanisms are:
- Compensation.
Is a process where a person improve self-image reduction by explicitly highlight features / advantages. - Denial (Denial).
Expressed disapproval of reality to deny that reality. This defense mechanism is the most simple and primitive. - Change (Displacemen).
Transfer of emotion which was originally aimed at someone / thing that is certain is usually neutral or less threatening to the self. - Dissociation.
Separation from any mental or behavioral processes of consciousness or identity. - Identification (Identification).
The process whereby a person trying to be someone that she admired by taking / imitating the thoughts, attitudes and tastes of the person.
Intellectualization (Intelektualization). - The use of logic and reason excessive To avoid disturbing experience feelings.
- Introjection (Intrijection).
Following the norms of the outside so that the ego is no longer distracted by the threat from the outside (the formation of the superego) - Fixation.
Stop at the level of development of one particular aspect (emotional or behavior or thoughts) that hindered further development. - Projection.
The transfer of thoughts or impulses in yourself to others, especially the desire. Emotional feelings and motivations can not be tolerated. - Rationalization.
Provides information that attitude / behavior according to reason that seems rational, so it does not impose self-respect. - Reaction formation.
Excessive act directly contrary to the desires, true feelings. - Regression.
Back to the level of the previous development (primitive behavior), for example; if the desire is hampered become angry, destructive, throwing things, roaring, etc. - Repression.
Unconsciously put aside thoughts, impulses, or painful memories or contradictory, the primary ego defense tends to be reinforced by mechanisms other ego. - Acting Out.
Directly trigger feelings when his desire unobstructed. - Sublimation.
Acceptance of a noble goal means a replacement for a boost in the eyes of the people who experience barriers to a normal distribution. - Suppression.
A process that is classified as a defense mechanism but it is actually a conscious repression analog; intentional waiver of a material from one's consciousness; sometimes can lead to the subsequent repression. - Undoing.
Action / behavior or communication that takes away part of the action / behavior or communication before a primitive defense mechanism.
- Compensation.