Nanda Nursing Diagnosis for Peritonitis

Abdominal distress describes a clinical condition due to an emergency in the abdominal cavity which usually arises suddenly with pain as the main complaint. This situation requires immediate response which often takes the form of: Surgical procedures, such as perforation, intra-abdominal bleeding, infection, obstruction and strangulation of the gastrointestinal tract can cause perforation which results in contamination of the abdominal cavity by gastrointestinal contents so that
peritonitis occurs.

Peritonitis initially occurs after leakage of microorganisms from diseased or traumatized organs. Extension of infection into the peritoneal cavity depends on many factors, including the location and extent of the primary leak, the nature of the wound or underlying disease, the presence of adhesions due to previous surgery, the duration of the present disease, and the efficiency of the patient's immune mechanism (Sabiston 2012, p. 192).

Peritonitis is inflammation of the peritoneal membrane. The peritoneum is a semipermeable, double layered pouch with a volume of 1,500 ml of fluid. This pouch encloses all the organs in the abdominal cavity. Because it is innervated by somatic nerves, stimulation of the parietal peritoneum that envelops the abdominal and pelvic cavities causes sharp, localized pain (Black & Hawks 2014, p.1041).

Peritonitis is inflammation of the peritoneum which is a dangerous complication due to the spread of infection from the abdominal organs (appendicitis, pancreatitis, etc.), gastrointestinal rupture and penetrating abdominal wounds (Padila 2012, p.191). Peritonitis is inflammation of the peritoneal cavity caused by infiltration of intestinal contents from conditions such as ruptured appendix, gastric perforation/trauma and anastomotic leak (Padila 2012, p.191).

According to Price (1995) signs and symptoms of peritonitis are abdominal pain (usually continuous), nausea and vomiting, abdominal tension, stiffness, pain, fever, leukocytosis and dehydration. According to Long (1996) redness, edema, dehydration. According to Mubin (1994) patients do not want to move, flatulence, abdominal tenderness, decreased or absent bowel sounds, shock (neurogenic, hypovolemic or septic) occurs in patients with generalized peritonitis, bowel sounds are not heard in general peritonitis can occur in distant areas. from the location of peritonitis, nausea, vomiting, decreased peristalsis (Padila 2012, p.193).


Nanda Nursing Diagnosis for Peritonitis

1.     Acute pain related to inflammation, fever and tissue damage.
2.     Risk for infection related to tissue trauma.
3.     Imbalanced Nutrition : less than body requirements related to anorexia and vomiting.
4.     Deficient Fluid Volume related to active fluid loss.
5.     Ineffective breathing pattern related to a decrease in the depth of breathing, abdominal distension secondary and avoid pain.
6.     Anxiety related to changes in health status.