So that data can be collected with a good and purposeful, the data classification should be done, based on the identity of the client, the main complaints, medical history, physical, psychological, social, spiritual, intelligence, test results and other special circumstances. Method used to collect data on clients include: interviews, observation, physical examination (pshysical assessment) and study documentation.
Interview
The interview is to ask or make a question and answer related to the problems faced by the client, also called anamnesis.
The interview lasted for queries relating to issues facing clients and a planned communication.
The purpose of the interviews was to obtain data on health issues and problems nursing clients, as well as to establish the relationship between nurses and clients. In addition, the interview also aims to help clients obtain information and participate in the identification of problems and goals of nursing, as well as helping nurses to determine further investigation during the study phase.
All nurses interaction with clients is based on communication. Nursing communication is a complex process and requires the ability of communication and interaction skills. Nursing communication normally be spent on obtaining nursing history. The term therapeutic communication is a technique that seeks to engage the client and family to bertuar thoughts and feelings. Such techniques include skills verbal and non-verbal, empathy and a sense of high concern.
Verbal techniques include open or closed questions, seek answers and validate the client's response. Non-verbal techniques include : active listening, silence, touch and eye contact. Active listening is an important issue in data collection, but also a difficult thing to learn.
Things that need to be considered in conducting an interview with the client is :
- Accept the existence of the client as it is.
- Provide an opportunity for clients to submit their complaints / opinion freely.
- In conducting the interview must be able to guarantee security and comfort for the client.
- Nurses must be calm , polite and attentive.
- Using language that is easily understood.
- Do not be patronizing.
- Pay attention to the message.
- Reducing barriers.
- Appropriate seating position (face, the distance right / appropriate, how to sit).
- Avoid any interruptions.
- Listen to the full with feeling.
- Provide an opportunity to the client breaks.
Types of Interview :
- Auto anamnesis : interviews with clients directly.
- Allo anamnesis : interviews with family / significant other.
Barriers in conducting the Interview :
1. Internal :
- Different views or opinions.
- Appearance of different clients.
- Clients in a state of anxiety, pain, or was failing.
- Clients say that he does not want to hear about something.
- Clients are not pleased with the nurse, or vice versa.
- Nurse thinking about something else / do not focus on the patient.
- Nurses are planning the next question.
- Nurses feel rushed.
- Nurses are too anxious or rush in asking.
- Environmentally sound rowdy : TV, radio, talk outside.
- Lack of privacy.
- The room was not sufficient to do the interview.
- Interruptions or questions from other nursing staff.