Impaired visual acuity caused by :
- Presbiop.
- Abnormalities of the eye lens (eye lens reflections less).
- Cloudiness in the lens (cataract).
- Elevated pressure in the eye (glaucoma).
- Inflammation of the optic nerve.
Vision Changes in Elderly
Morphological changes :
- Decrease in fat tissue around the eyes.
- Decreased tissue elasticity and tone.
- The decline in the strength of the eye muscles.
- Decreased sharpness of the cornea.
- Degeneration in the sclera, pupil and iris.
- Increased frequency of occurrence of the disease process.
- Increased density and rigidity of the lens.
- Slowing the process information from the central nervous system.
Physiological changes :
- Decreased vision at close range.
- Decreased eye movement coordination.
- Distortion shadow.
- View of blue and red.
- Compromised night vision.
- Decreased sharpness recognize green, blue and purple.
- Difficulty recognizing moving objects.
Assessment
- Pupil size decreases.
- The use of glasses.
- Double vision.
- Pain in the eye, such as glaucoma and cataracts.
- Eye redness.
- Complain of discomfort in bright light (blinding).
- Difficulty threading a needle.
- Request to read a sentence.
- Difficulty / dependence in activities of daily fulfillment (shower, to the toilet, eating, urination / defecation, as well as move).
- Vision.
The Possibility of Nursing Diagnosis
- Disturbed Sensory Perception ( Visual )
- Risk for injury : falls .
- Impaired physical mobility .
- Knowledge Deficit.
- Anxiety.
Intervention
- Assess cause of visual impairment.
- Make sure the object is seen within the visual field.
- Give more time to focus on something.
- Clear eyes , if any dirt using a wet cotton wool and clean.
- Collaboration for the use of visual aids such as eyeglasses and medical treatment for cataracts.
- Provide adequate lighting.
- Avoid the blinding light.
- Posts bold and great for marking / provision of written information.
- Check periodically eye health.